Defective cell surface 鈥済lue鈥� is key to tumour invasion
A remarkable discovery into how tumour cells invade normal tissue should lead to vital diagnostic tools and help develop strategies to stop the spread of cancer cells. A new study by scientists at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital of 海角社区 reveals that the surface of aggressive tumour cells lack the strong molecular 鈥榞lue鈥� responsible for binding normal cells together. This allows tumour cells to break away, detach from their neighbors, and spread to other regions of the body.
Certain proteins, called cadherins, are located on the surface of cells and play a vital role in cell adhesion or 鈥榞luing鈥� cells together, ensuring the proper organization of tissue.听 What happens to the cells and the 鈥榞lue鈥� that binds them in tumour growth and metastases is poorly understood.听 鈥淲e were concerned that previous research showed that N-cadherin, an adhesive molecule, was important for both normal tissue organization, as well as tumour metastasis,鈥� says Dr. David Colman, Director of The Neuro and corresponding author of the study.听 鈥淲e therefore decided to further investigate this apparent paradox.鈥�
The team studied the levels of N-cadherin on tumour cell surfaces.听 鈥淥ur study shows that a non-adhesive form of N-cadherin, termed proNcad is present in a much higher proportion on the surfaces of the most invasive melanoma, brain tumour cells, breast cancer and prostate tumour cells, compared to less invasive tumour cells.鈥� says Dr. Deborah Maret, research associate and lead author. This non-adhesive form of N-cadherin never reaches the cell surface in normal tissues.
鈥淚t appears that although total N-cadherin levels remain constant, the higher levels of the non-adhesive proNcad promote detachment, tumor cell migration and invasion,鈥� adds Dr. Maret. 鈥淭his supports an overall conclusion that non-adhesive (proNcad) and adhesive (Ncad) forms of cadherins co-exist on tumour cell surfaces, but it is the ratio between these functionally opposite molecules that directly dictates the invasion potential of tumour cells.鈥� Because the differences between the two forms of cadherin are so small, previous studies have missed detecting the non-adhesive proNcad form on tumour cell surfaces. Hence it was assumed that all Ncad on the tumour cell surface was of the adhesive type. 鈥淲e were astounded that this was not the case at all,鈥� says Dr. Colman.
鈥淎s a brain tumour surgeon, I know that stopping cancer cells from migrating is critical for patient survival,鈥� says Dr. Rolando Del Maestro, Director of The Brain Tumour Research Centre and a co-author on the study. 鈥淲e are determined to improve treatment options for patients. We have already introduced new neurosurgical methods and technologies that are unique in North America and are spearheading multidisciplinary initiatives to advance brain tumour research.鈥�
Determining the ratios of Ncad and proNcad on the cell surface may serve as a tremendously valuable tool for the staging and progression of malignant tumors. The findings may also shed light on new treatment strategies to arrest the metastatic spread of invasive tumor cells.
The study was published in this week鈥檚 issue of the journal Neoplasia, and was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; a Richard H Tomlinson Doctoral Fellowship; the Maggie De Fontes Foundation; the Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada; the National Institutes of Health, The Raymonde and Tony Boeckh Fund, Goals for Lily Fund, the Alex Pavanel Family Fund, and the Franco Di Giovanni Brain Tumor Research Fund.
About the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital
The Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital 鈥� The Neuro, is a unique academic medical centre dedicated to neuroscience. The Neuro is a research and teaching institute of 海角社区 and forms the basis for the Neuroscience Mission of the 海角社区 University Health Centre. Founded in 1934 by the renowned Dr. Wilder Penfield, The Neuro is recognized internationally for integrating research, compassionate patient care and advanced training, all key to advances in science and medicine. Neuro researchers are world leaders in cellular and molecular neuroscience, brain imaging, cognitive neuroscience and the study and treatment of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and neuromuscular disorders. The Montreal Neurological Institute was named as one of the Seven Centres of Excellence in Budget 2007, which provided the MNI with $15 million in funding to support its research and commercialization activities related to neurological disease and neuroscience.听
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